CSE suggests a number of academic papers as an introduction to space environmentalism, our areas of concern, and related issues. These publications, and links to the sources online, are listed below.
Lawrence, A., Rawls, M. L., Jah, M., Boley, A., Di Vruno, F., Garrington, S., Kramer, M., Lawler, S., Lowenthal, J., McDowell, J., & McCaughrean, M. (2022). The case for space environmentalism. Nature Astronomy, 6(4)(, 428–435. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-022-01655-6
Henry, H., & Taylor, A. (2009). Re-Thinking Apollo: Envisioning Environmentalism in Space. The Sociological Review, 57(1), 190–203. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954x.2009.01825.x
Huebert, J. H., & Block, W. (2006). Space Environmentalism, Property Rights, and the Law. University of Memphis Law Review, 37, 281https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/umem37&div=14&id=&page=
Miller, R.W. (2001). Astroenvironmentalism: The Case for Space Exploration As An Environmental Issue. Electronic Green Journal, 1(15). https://escholarship.org/content/qt2d37b8cx/qt2d37b8cx.pdf
Bartóki-Gönczy, B., Ganczer, M., & Sulyok, G. (2024). Space sustainability: Current regulatory challenges. Hungarian Journal of Legal Studies. https://doi.org/10.1556/2052.2024.00552
Mariappan, A., & Crassidis, J. L. (2023). Kessler’s syndrome: a challenge to humanity. Frontiers in Space Technologies, 4. https://doi.org/10.3389/frspt.2023.1309940
Newman, C. J., & Williamson, M. (2018). Space Sustainability: Reframing the Debate. Space Policy, 46, 30–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spacepol.2018.03.001
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2024). The Economics of Space Sustainability: Delivering Economic Evidence to Guide Government Action. https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/the-economics-of-space-sustainability_b2257346-en/full-report.html
Wilson, A. R., & Vasile, M. (2023). The space sustainability paradox. Journal of Cleaner Production, 423, 138869). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.138869
Barentine, J. C.; Heim, J.; Venkatesan, A.; et al. "Reimagining Near-Earth Space Policy in a Post-COVID World," Virginia Policy Review, 15(1) (2022), pp. 58-86. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2207.12292
Block, W. E. (2019). Space Environmentalism, Property Rights, and the Law. Palgrave Studies in Classical Liberalism, 275–301. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28353-7_16
Cinelli, C. (2024). Regulation of Outer Space: International Space Law and the State (1st ed.). Routledge. https://www.routledge.com/Regulation-of-Outer-Space-International-Space-Law-and-the-State/Cinelli/p/book/9781032649061
Byers, M., & Boley, A. (2023). Who Owns Outer Space?: International Law, Astrophysics, and the Sustainable Development of Space (1st ed.) Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108597135
Marino, A., & Cheney, T. (2023). Centring Environmentalism in Space Governance: Interrogating Dominance and Authority Through a Critical Legal Geography of Outer Space. Space Policy, 63, 101521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spacepol.2022.101521
Neilson, H. (2025). Overview of Indigenous rights and outer space for the IAU-CPS Policy Hub, accepted for publication in "Astronomy and Satellite Constellations: Pathways Forward", Proceedings of IAU Symposium 385 arXiv:2412.06675
Arnould, J. (2010). Icarus’ Second Chance: The Basis and Perspectives of Space Ethics (Vienna: Springer)
Elvis, M., Milligan, T., & Krolikowski, A. (2016). The peaks of eternal light: A near-term property issue on the moon. Space Policy, 48, 30–38 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spacepol.2016.05.01
Daly, E. M., & Frodeman, R. (2008). Separated at Birth, Signs of Rapprochement: Environmental Ethics and Space Exploration. Ethics and the Environment, 13(1), 135–151. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40339152
Hargrove, E. (Ed.) (1986). Beyond Spaceship Earth: Environmental Ethics and the Solar System (San Francisco, CA: Sierra Club Books).
Heim, J. (2019). "The Development of a Lunar Land Ethic," Culture and Cosmos, 23(2), 103-112. https://doi.org/10.46472/CC.0223.0215
Schwartz, J.S.J. and Milligan, T. (Eds.) (2016) The Ethics of Space Exploration (Cham, Switzerland: Springer)
Tavares, Frank et al. (2020) Ethical Exploration and the Role of Planetary Protection in Disrupting Colonial Practices.
Milligan, T. (2015). Nobody Owns the Moon: The Ethics of Space Exploration (Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company)
Williamson, M. (2003). Space Ethics and Protection of the Space Environment’, Space Policy, 19, 47–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0265-9646(02)00064-4
Human Culture and Heritage
Venkatesan, A., Lowenthal, J., Prem, P., & Vidaurri, M. (2020). The impact of satellite constellations on space as an ancestral global commons. Nature Astronomy, 4(11), 1043–1048. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-020-01238-3
Indigenous Perspectives
Fish, A. (2024). Planetary media: Decolonizing the space industry through Indigenous ownership. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 42(5-6), 711–733. https://doi.org/10.1177/02637758241253328
Mitchell, A., Wright, S., Suchet-Pearson, S., Lloyd, K., Burarrwanga, L., Ganambarr, R., Ganambarr-Stubbs, M., Ganambarr, B., Maymuru, D., & Maymuru, R. (2020). Dukarr lakarama: Listening to Guwak, talking back to space colonization. Political Geography, 81, 102218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2020.102218
Noon, K., De Napoli, K., Swanton, P., Guedes, C., & Hamacher, D. (2023). Safeguarding Indigenous Sky Rights from Colonial Exploitation. In The Routledge Handbook of Social Studies of Outer Space. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003280507-22
Tavares, F., Vidaurri, M., Denton, A., Grier, J. A., Harvey, A., Milazzo, M., Olson, H., Prem, P., Scalice, D., & Venkatesan, A. (2024). A call for Indigenous partnership in the return to the Moon. Nature Astronomy, 8(4), 400–402. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-024-02251-6
Space debris
Morin, J., & Richard, B. (2021). Astro‐Environmentalism: Towards a Polycentric Governance of Space Debris. Global Policy, 12(4), 568–573. https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.12950
Spacecraft life cycle
Surendra, S. (2024). Impact of Spaceflight on Earth’s Atmosphere: Climate, Ozone, and the Upper Atmosphere (Technical Memorandum NASA/TM−20240013276; p. 36). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20240013276/downloads/NASA-TM-20240013276-V6.pdf
Hook, C., Wright, E., Byers, M., & Boley, A. (2024). Uncontrolled reentries of space objects and aviation safety. Acta Astronautica, 222, 69–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2024.05.026
Jones, K. & Jain, A. K. (2023). The Green Circularity: Life Cycle Assessments for the Space Industry. Center for Space Policy and Strategy, The Aerospace Corporation. https://csps.aerospace.org/papers/green-circularity-life-cycle-assessments-space-industry
Voigt, Ch., Schumann, U., Graf, K., & Gottschaldt, K.-D. (2013). Impact of rocket exhaust plumes on atmospheric composition and climate ― an overview. Progress in Propulsion Physics, 657–670. https://doi.org/10.1051/eucass/201304657
Worlds beyond Earth
Gorman, A. (2023, March 11). The sustainable management of lunar natural and cultural heritage: Suggested principles and guidelines. Global Expert Group on Sustainable Lunar Activities. https://moonvillageassociation.org/download/gegsla-the-sustainable-management-of-lunar-natural-and-cultural-heritage-suggested-principles-and-guidelines/
Capper, D. (2022). What Should We Do with Our Moon?: Ethics and Policy for Establishing International Multiuse Lunar Land Reserves. Space Policy, 59, 101462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spacepol.2021.101462
Kramer, W. R. (2020). A Framework for Extraterrestrial Environmental Assessment. Space Policy, 53, 101385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spacepol.2020.101385
International Academy of Astronautics. (2010). "Protecting the Environment of Celestial Bodies" IAA Cosmic Studies. https://iaaspace.org/wp-content/uploads/iaa/Scientific%20Activity/Study%20Groups/SG%20Commission%205/sg56/sg56finaldraftreport.pdf